Ground improvement may involve increasing the density of the liquefiable soil through compaction, vibration, or replacement; reinforcing and densifying the soil through jet grouting or deep soil mixing; or providing additional drainage to allow excess pore water pressures to dissipate more rapidly.

The strength of soil is typically defined as the resistance to shear stress in terms of the effective internal friction angle and effective cohesion. This technical note is intended to provide a basis for estimating a soil’s unit weight in the absence of specific testing results. Improve shear strength of the fill and subsoil to ensure sufficient bearing capacity of the foundations and/or sufficient stability of the slopes; increase the density of the fill mass and/or subsoil to prevent liquefaction; and.